Performance Analysis of TDOA and FDOA Location by Differential Calibration with Calibration Sources

—This paper derives the performance equation of the differential calibration algorithm using the time differences of arrival (TDOA) and the frequency differences of arrival (FDOA) with calibration sources when the positions and velocities of the receivers have random errors. By comparing the performance with the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB), it proves that the ability of the differential calibration algorithm to restrain these errors depends heavily on the parameters of the calibration sources. Then the influences of their amount, positions and measurement accuracy to the location accuracy are discussed. Simulations corroborate the theoretical results in this paper.